Rising HPAI (H5N1) spillovers into livestock and occasional human cases have renewed interest in bacteriophage therapeutics and phage‑based vaccine platforms. A review citing CDC and USDA figures notes substantial poultry losses and dozens of U.S. human infections, and frames phages as precision tools against secondary bacterial infections in severe influenza cases as well as adaptable platforms for vaccine development. Companies and public health agencies are reassessing phage pipelines and manufacturing scale to address both antibacterial resistance and zoonotic outbreak preparedness.