Commercial and public funders are accelerating investment in in vivo CAR‑T approaches as early human data and enabling delivery technologies surface. Industry players have spent billions buying startups focused on delivering CAR‑T activity inside patients, aiming to simplify manufacturing and reduce toxicity associated with ex vivo CAR‑T. Public funders are matching private interest: ARPA‑H awarded up to $41.3 million to Tessera Therapeutics as part of efforts to engineer immune cells inside the body. The award underscores government interest in scalable in vivo modalities and signals a broader shift in funding toward technologies that reduce manufacturing complexity and expand patient access.