MIT researchers developed Composite Material Transformer (COMET), an AI-powered machine learning model, optimizing lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations for RNA delivery. COMET predicts efficient lipid mixtures that enhance delivery across cell types and integrate novel materials, dramatically expediting vaccine and RNA therapy development. Validation showed improved protein expression in vitro and in vivo. This technological advance promises to quicken the emergence of RNA treatments for diseases including obesity, diabetes, and infectious diseases, reinforcing AI’s growing role in drug formulation innovation.