A preclinical study engineered monocytes with an aptamer enhancement to promote clearance of extracellular Tau and reduce neuroinflammation, reporting lower Tau burden and inflammatory markers in disease models. The work positions targeted immune cell modification as a route to modulate pathogenic protein accumulation in neurodegenerative disorders. Separately, nobiletin formulated in nanoparticles reversed cognitive deficits induced by chronic sleep deprivation in animal models, restoring memory and attention measures. Both approaches — immune modulation and targeted nanoformulations of bioactive compounds — represent distinct therapeutic strategies to address neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction in translational pipelines.