A bipartisan Senate hearing focused on maintaining US biotech leadership while addressing antimicrobial resistance, with lawmakers and witnesses citing AMR’s clinical and economic toll. Subcommittee chair Todd Young said China’s biotechnology rise and AMR risk both elevate US security concerns, while support emerged for the PASTEUR Act approach to encouraging new antimicrobial development. CARB-X witness Kevin Outterson described how key life and surgical events still rely on antibiotics, while Dartmouth Hitchcock infectious disease expert Vera Luther cited AMR mortality and cost figures. Witness testimony also underscored the investment problem for small biotechs: limited commercial recoupment models can deter funding for novel antimicrobial launches.