A health economic analysis concludes that nivolumab plus ipilimumab can be more cost-effective than pembrolizumab for metastatic MSI-high or mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancer. The study, published as an economic analysis, evaluates quality-adjusted life years and total cost, targeting an area where clinical efficacy is increasingly established but budget impact determines access. While this is not an efficacy trial, the work matters for payer decisions and formulary positioning—especially for therapies with comparable clinical trajectories. For biotech strategy teams, the result underscores that competitive positioning in oncology increasingly hinges on economics alongside survival endpoints.