A large population‑based cohort study from England and Wales, published in Nature Communications, found associations between antibiotic use and breast cancer survival outcomes. The analysis examined antibiotic exposure patterns and survival metrics, identifying statistically significant links that warrant further mechanistic and clinical evaluation. The findings raise concerns about antibiotic stewardship in oncology settings and the potential roles of the microbiome, drug interactions, and infection control in shaping cancer outcomes. Oncologists, infectious disease specialists, and guideline committees should consider these results when developing perioperative and supportive care protocols; prospective studies are needed to clarify causality.