Researchers at Washington University and Circular Genomics have identified circular RNA (circRNA) biomarkers, including circHOMER1, associated with Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis and progression. Alongside, studies described baseline blood proteomic patterns linked to Alzheimer’s risk in individuals with major depressive disorder. circRNA signatures demonstrate potential for early detection and differentiation of neurodegenerative disorders. These developments may facilitate improved diagnostics and patient stratification in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias.