Multiple studies illuminate neurodegenerative disease mechanisms and diagnosis. Dr. Sophia Shi detailed how sugar molecule degradation in the brain’s glycocalyx contributes to aging and neuroinflammation, with restoration reversing deficits. Indiana University achieved FDA clearance for a blood test detecting Alzheimer’s amyloid plaques. Separately, late-life mood disorders have been linked to early neurodegenerative pathology through tau accumulation, detected via PET imaging. These insights offer promising avenues for early intervention and new therapies.