Machine learning innovations are improving diagnostic accuracy and treatment predictions across cancer and neurological diseases. New studies employ XGBoost algorithms to differentiate primary brain tumors from metastases, machine learning for Alzheimer’s progression forecasting, and radiomics radiotracer analyses to predict Hodgkin lymphoma responses. Additionally, deep learning methods optimize nasopharyngeal endoscopy image interpretations, heralding a new era of AI-driven precision diagnostics and personalized medicine.