Researchers led by Nobel Laureate David Baker have leveraged artificial intelligence to design highly specific protein binders targeting peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. These AI-designed proteins enable enhanced detection and killing of cancer cells by T cells, addressing the diverse MHC allele landscape among patients. Separately, a team from the Technical University of Denmark used generative AI to develop minibinders that mimic T-cell receptors, demonstrating in vitro cancer cell killing, including targeting the NY-ESO-1 antigen. These advances could accelerate scalable and precise immunotherapy development.