Researchers led by David Baker refined RFdiffusion to generate de novo, full‑length antibody sequences that bind specified epitopes with atomic precision; cryo‑EM structures confirmed several designed antibodies bound targets as predicted. The Nature paper reports successful designs against diverse targets and represents a milestone in computational protein therapeutics, with potential to accelerate antibody discovery and reduce experimental screening. Baker cautioned the field is still early; experimental validation and development pathways remain essential. De novo antibody design means creating antibody sequences from scratch rather than mining immune repertoires.