Researchers harnessed artificial intelligence to revolutionize RNA vaccine and drug delivery design, using machine learning to accelerate lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulation, yielding candidates with enhanced protein expression in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, PepMLM, a protein language model fine-tuned on protein–peptide interactions, enables design of potent peptides targeting disease-relevant proteins without relying on structural data. These AI-driven breakthroughs promise to streamline design and development of RNA therapeutics and peptide drugs, accelerating translation from computational predictions to clinical applications.