Recent studies have propelled neuro-oncology forward with new molecular insights and therapeutic avenues for central nervous system (CNS) tumors. A comprehensive molecular atlas of rare CNS solitary fibrous tumors redefines their classification and outlines targetable vulnerabilities. Concurrently, novel liquid biopsy assays like MRD4U offer unprecedented sensitivity in tracking pediatric CNS tumors, potentially transforming diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Additionally, innovative surgery techniques for brain and spinal tumors promise to enhance patient outcomes. These advances collectively highlight an evolving landscape in CNS tumor care, driven by molecular precision and surgical innovation.