Cutting-edge studies in regenerative biology have revealed critical mechanisms shaping tissue repair and disease modeling. Kyoto University researchers discovered a novel mitotic cohesin complex, STAG3-cohesin, instrumental in sperm cell genome organization, providing avenues to address infertility and certain cancers. Additional research showed neural stem cell exosomes mitigating Parkinson’s disease effects, emphasizing extracellular vesicles in neuroprotection and regenerative therapies.