Several landmark clinical trials have revealed significant findings in radiation oncology. A decade-long study demonstrated that stereotactic radiation matches surgery in long-term survival for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. The phase III TORPEdO trial found intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and proton beam therapy (PBT) comparable in efficacy for oropharyngeal and head and neck cancers. Further studies indicate stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) offers improved quality of life and reduced bowel side effects compared to conventional radiation in localized prostate cancer. These advances suggest non-invasive radiotherapy methods may reshape treatment paradigms.