Leading cancer centers including the University of Cincinnati, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and MD Anderson Cancer Center revealed significant progress in radiation oncology at the 2025 ASTRO meeting. Highlights include innovative genomic-guided radiation therapies for HPV-positive throat cancer and long-term data showing stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) effectiveness comparable to surgery in early-stage lung cancer. These developments indicate a paradigm shift toward precision and less invasive treatment modalities, informed by molecular biomarkers and patient-specific tumor biology, enhancing therapeutic outcomes and individualized care.