A series of studies highlight pivotal shifts in Parkinson’s disease research and treatment. Machine learning models have been developed to track levodopa’s acute effects via digital speech biomarkers and to predict disease progression in distinct patient subgroups characterized by REM sleep behavior disorder and metabolite profiles. Complementing these diagnostic innovations, non-invasive brain stimulation targeting dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and specific transcranial magnetic stimulation protocols demonstrate potential in enhancing cognitive and motor functions, heralding precision therapy strategies for varied PD phenotypes.