Significant progress has been made in understanding and addressing premature ovarian failure (POF) and chemotherapy-induced ovarian insufficiency. Studies highlight cellular senescence and apoptosis mechanisms driving ovarian deterioration, with investigations into the therapeutic potential of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells combined with melatonin to rejuvenate ovarian function. Traditional and novel interventions like Kuntai capsules also show promise in enhancing ovarian health through modulating autophagy and energy pathways. These insights open avenues for fertility preservation and improved reproductive outcomes.