Cutting-edge research continues to unravel neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. Studies reveal that FOXP genes govern Purkinje cell diversity and cerebellar morphogenesis, advancing understanding of brain development. Additionally, microglial lipid droplet accumulation is linked to diminished plaque clearance in Alzheimer’s disease, shedding light on microglial dysfunction. In Parkinson’s disease, machine learning techniques enable tracking of clinical fluctuations via spontaneous eye blink analysis. Moreover, insights into minor and visual hallucinations in PD provide refined neuropsychiatric comprehension, while a novel eIF2B activator, DNL343, demonstrates therapeutic potential against ALS and TDP-43 aggregation.