Recent studies reveal critical insights into neonatal health. Researchers demonstrated that transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants significantly improves pulmonary blood flow and respiratory parameters, heralding safer management of congenital heart defects. Parallel research reconsidered the 'male disadvantage' in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), noting exceptions where female infants show equal or higher susceptibility, prompting refined clinical perspectives. Additionally, investigations into combined corticosteroid therapies aim to balance pulmonary benefits against neurodevelopmental risks in ventilated preterm infants, advancing neonatal intensive care protocols.