Breakthrough clinical developments are emerging in neonatal and pediatric care. Airway Therapeutics announced an expanded multinational Phase III trial of zelpultide alfa, targeting bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants, focusing on immune modulation and lung protection. Complementary research into intratracheal budesonide combined with surfactant shows promise for extremely preterm infants. Studies exploring pediatric pharmacogenomics reveal preferences impacting implementation that could transform personalized pediatric drug therapies.