Pivotal developments include a new dual-mode CRISPR system enabling simultaneous gene activation and repression, expanding synthetic biology applications. Screening approaches have enhanced CRISPR genome-editing efficiency by targeting mechanisms like CRISPR-associated transposons, facilitating single-step genome modifications. Furthermore, CRISPR genome edits in murine lung tumor models revealed variant-specific oncogenic behaviors and drug responses in EML4-ALK driven cancers, underscoring precision medicine implications.