Cutting-edge research highlights new therapeutic avenues in oncology. A study revealed Galectin-9’s expression on leukemia stem cells predicts prognosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, underscoring immune checkpoint relevance. Additionally, a novel computational framework, ACP-EPC, applies interpretable deep learning for anticancer peptide prediction, accelerating drug discovery. Non-coding RNAs were found crucial in modulating chemotherapy response to Topotecan. These insights could inform next-generation cancer therapies.