Several breakthroughs in oncology were reported including the identification of CBFA2T3 as a prognostic biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma, the unveiling of SC134-deruxtecan, an antibody-drug conjugate targeting small cell lung cancer, and novel insights into gemcitabine resistance modulation by CITED4 in pancreatic cancer. Additionally, IL-19 has been highlighted as a theranostic target for glioblastoma immunotherapy, offering new paths in tumor immune evasion understanding. These developments collectively push forward targeted therapies and precision medicine in challenging cancers.