New molecular and imaging biomarkers are enhancing cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Studies reveal B-aggressive lymphoma proteins as breast cancer markers, improved HER2 immunohistochemistry sensitivity, and novel PCR assays quantifying FRS2 gene in bladder cancer. Additionally, integrating advanced MRI modalities improves prostate cancer detection. Deep learning models also advance gastric cancer and glioma imaging analysis. These innovations promise refinements in diagnostic accuracy and personalized therapy approaches.