Recent studies have elucidated important molecular biomarkers and pathways impacting cancer and reproductive outcomes. Investigations highlight CBFA2T3 as a prognostic biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma, the role of circular RNA hsa_circ_0000419 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and miRNA involvement in PCOS. Additionally, insights into UBAP2L’s effect on colorectal cancer growth and ovarian cystectomy’s impact on borderline tumors advance personalized care and therapeutic decision-making.