Recent research elucidates the influence of GBA1 genetic variant severity and polygenic background on Parkinson’s disease penetrance, reflecting personalized disease risk. Additional studies characterize clinical correlates involving dopamine levels and gray matter atrophy in early Parkinson’s, while novel multi-omics analyses identify meclofenoxate repurposing potential. Insights into excitation-inhibition imbalance and biomarker elevation in Lewy body diseases further refine disease understanding, paving paths for diagnostics and therapeutic strategies.