Multiple groundbreaking studies have illuminated critical pathways and biomarkers in cancer and immunity. These include discoveries about TOPK’s role in kidney cancer immune suppression, METTL16’s association with lung cancer drug resistance, and carbamorphine’s opioid receptor activity suggesting lower addiction potential. Additional work uncovers novel TEAD inhibitors for cancer treatment, mechanisms in breast cancer metastasis driven by mitochondrial antioxidants, and insights into macrophage polarization workflows enhancing immunotoxicity assessments. Collectively, these advances open fresh avenues for targeted therapies and biomarker-driven precision oncology.