Recent studies reveal innovations and challenges in cancer treatment across multiple malignancies. Notably, the synergistic effect of Tanshinone IIA with olaparib enhances apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells, offering a compelling therapeutic avenue. Meanwhile, mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming has been identified as a critical driver of colorectal cancer resistance, underscoring the complexity of tumor adaptation. Further exploration of CDK1 and CDK2's regulatory roles highlights potential targets for novel therapies. These insights advance the precision oncology landscape and inform future drug development strategies.