Researchers at the University of California San Diego’s Sanford Stem Cell Institute have pioneered Graphene-Mediated Optical Stimulation (GraMOS), a non-genetic, biocompatible method that uses graphene and light to accelerate maturation and functional connectivity in human brain organoids. This approach circumvents the need for genetic modification while promoting neuronal network development, enhancing modeling of age-related neurological diseases like Alzheimer's. Parallel studies demonstrate that GraMOS enhances the formation of stronger neuron connections without signs of toxicity, promising new avenues for neuroscience research and disease modeling.