Researchers at Johns Hopkins developed a hybrid machine-learning and thermodynamic modeling system to optimize cell culture media formulations for biotherapeutic production, enhancing data efficiency and batch success. Concurrently, studies by PM Group and University College Cork demonstrated that optimized inline buffer preparation systems can significantly reduce costs and labor by automating and concentrating stock solutions. These innovations aim to streamline biopharma manufacturing workflows, reduce variability, and cut expenses in drug substance production.