Recent research has unveiled critical molecular pathways influencing cancer progression and therapeutic response. CRISPR screens identified the GATOR1 complex as a tumor suppressor in aggressive lymphomas. Metabolic profiling delineates clear cell renal carcinoma responses to therapy, and the CALLY index emerges as a prognostic tool in metastatic kidney cancer. Investigations revealed communication between triple-negative breast cancer cells and adipocytes via gap junctions stimulates fat mobilization, fostering tumor growth. Novel bispecific agents like AFM28 target leukemic stem cells in AML. The role of nerve injury in dampening anti-PD-1 efficacy was elucidated, linking nerve damage to chronic inflammation and immunotherapy resistance.