A multinational research collaboration including the Garvan Institute of Medical Research unveiled AAnet, an artificial intelligence tool designed to analyze cellular heterogeneity within tumors with unprecedented resolution. This AI framework employs deep learning to dissect single-cell gene expression data, revealing diverse tumor cell subpopulations and enabling precision targeting in cancer therapies. The tool’s ability to map complex tumor ecosystems aims to improve treatment personalization, particularly in aggressive and heterogeneous cancers like triple-negative breast cancer, by anticipating resistant cell populations and informing therapeutic strategies.