Two independent studies reported engineered AAV capsids with enhanced transduction of human vascular endothelial cells, improving gene‑delivery efficiency in models of human vessels. The work, published in Gene Therapy and related journals, identified capsid variants that outperform standard serotypes for endothelial targeting. Enhanced vascular tropism could broaden therapeutic gene‑delivery options for cardiovascular and systemic diseases where endothelial correction is required. Improved capsids may reduce vector doses and immune exposure, but translation will require safety, manufacturability and biodistribution assessment in preclinical models.